The project stems from research at the Italian Institute of Technology (IIT-Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia), in collaboration with several partners and in the framework of JOiiNT LAB – the joint laboratory between IIT and the Sistema Bergamo
A groundbreaking initiative is underway at the Soft Robotics for Human Cooperation and Rehabilitation Lab at the Italian Institute of Technology (IIT-Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia) in Genoa, where a team of researchers has developed a new robotic prototype named Frasky. This innovative robot is designed to autonomously navigate vineyards and carry out various essential farming tasks.
This project is spearheaded by IIT researcher Manuel G. Catalano and represents a collaborative effort among partners linked to “JOiiNT LAB.” This joint laboratory aims to forge new pathways between research and industry, bringing together IIT and an industrial ecosystem that includes Consorzio Intellimech, Confindustria Bergamo, the University of Bergamo, and the Kilometro Rosso Innovation District. Such collaborations are crucial for aligning cutting-edge research with real-world applications.
The central objective of Frasky is to tackle pressing challenges within the agricultural sector, including environmental sustainability and labor shortages. By leveraging advancements in robotics and artificial intelligence, Frasky seeks to reshape the landscape of precision farming.
Manuel G. Catalano emphasizes the transformative potential of integrating robotics with agriculture: “This approach facilitates more efficient and targeted resource usage, mitigates environmental impacts, and provides tangible support to both farmers and wine producers. Given the escalating labor shortages and climate change challenges, this synergy is essential.” Catalano underlines that the project’s success relies on the collaborative engagement of diverse stakeholders—from academic institutions to industry professionals—each contributing their unique insights.
Frasky is equipped with a state-of-the-art robotic arm and hand, which are capable of interacting with both plants and fruits. At its core, an integrated camera enables the robot to map its surroundings and detect obstacles and objects, such as ripe grape clusters. Mounted on a versatile mobile platform designed for outdoor navigation, Frasky features four motorized wheels, ensuring it can traverse various terrains.
The system is designed with modular flexibility, allowing for easy adaptation based on farmers’ needs. For instance, Frasky’s robotic hand can incorporate tools such as a nozzle for targeted treatments, enhancing its functionality. The software at the heart of Frasky’s operation is split into three crucial modules: navigation, perception, and manipulation. The navigation module helps the robot orient itself within the vineyard, avoiding obstacles while seeking out points of interest. The perception module excels at environmental analysis and grape cluster identification, while the manipulation module directs the robotic arm’s actions.
The data gathered by the perception module is invaluable for constructing vineyard maps and enhancing the effectiveness of the manipulation module. This allows for precise actions, such as selectively grasping grape bunches, conducting visual inspections, and applying targeted treatments. Moreover, Frasky features an intuitive graphical interface, enabling operators to issue commands and monitor the robot’s actions in real time.
The benefits that Frasky offers are multifaceted. By providing detailed digital monitoring of crops, the robot aids farmers by alleviating the burden of repetitive tasks. Increased accuracy in treatment application leads to reduced waste and promotes a healthier agricultural environment. This is not only beneficial for crop yield but also improves worker health by minimizing their exposure to harmful chemicals.
However, developing a robot capable of thriving in actual agricultural settings presents complex challenges. These environments can be uneven and subject to unpredictable variables, including seasonal changes, weather conditions, and varying plant growth. As foliage becomes denser, it can obstruct visibility and complicate robot movement.
Additionally, the robotic system must exhibit autonomous capabilities, successfully navigate obstacles, and conduct direct interventions on plants. The dexterity required for fruit manipulation is particularly critical, as fruits are prone to bruising and damage if not handled with care.
To address these challenges, Frasky underwent initial testing in a controlled lab setting, featuring an artificial vineyard. Subsequently, it was validated through field demonstrations at a genuine vineyard in Bergamo, specifically “Le Corne” in Grumello del Monte. These tests showcased Frasky’s proficiency in environmental mapping, autonomous navigation, and treatment application.
Francesca Negrello, an IIT researcher and technology manager at JOiiNT LAB, shares insights into the ongoing development of Frasky: “The aim is to enhance its flexibility, autonomy, and adaptability for various agricultural tasks, consistent with the complexities inherent in real-world environments. We envision expanding its capabilities to support viticulturists in both production monitoring and handling more labor-intensive activities.”
Fabio Previdi, a professor at the University of Bergamo, emphasizes the importance of the collaboration fostered through JOiiNT LAB: “This partnership between research and industry is crucial for igniting technological innovation and equipping our students with relevant, interdisciplinary experiences. Direct involvement in projects enables students to develop essential skills that cater to the demands of digital transformation in the agricultural sector.”
In addition, Stefano Ierace, director of Consorzio Intellimech, highlights the broader ramifications of such innovations: “Technological advancements arising from research-industry collaboration yield far-reaching impacts beyond manufacturing. These projects not only create new training opportunities for students and young professionals but also offer valuable insights into exploring innovative solutions that benefit the entire production chain and local communities.”